OSCE and LEARNING POINTS

 OSCE Questions: 


From psychiatric illness of patient


First rank symptoms of schizophrenia 

A = Auditary hallucinations second or third person

B = Broadcasting, insertion/withdrawal of thoughts

C = Controlled feelings , impulses or acts 

D = Delusional perception

• Symptoms of chronic schizophrenia

Blunted effect

Apathy and loss of drive

Poverty of speech

Poor self care 

 

Differentiation between schizophrenia and substance misuse(alcohol) 

running commentary voices i.e auditory hallucinations suggests schizophrenia

Visual hallucinations are more common in alcohol misuse.

  ( Reference: Davidson's Medicine )

Amount of alcohol  in an average drink





LEARNING POINTS

I have learnt causes of gastritis which include
Helicobacter pylori (initial infection)
Drugs : Aspirin, NSAIDS , Iron preparations
Severe physiological stress such as burns, multi organ failure, 
Bile reflux following gastric surgery
Viral infections eg . CMV , Herpes simplex

##How alcohol causes vomiting ??

Throwing up or vomiting after drinking alcohol is the body’s natural way of removing potentially harmful material.

When the body processes alcohol, the liver converts it into a highly reactive, toxic chemical called acetaldehyde.

Acetaldehyde can cause tissue damage and may trigger the onset of health conditions. The liver then converts the acetaldehyde into acetate, which the body can remove by converting it to water and carbon dioxide.

However, the liver can only process a certain amount of acetaldehyde at a time. If the acetaldehyde levels are higher than the liver can convert, the body will remove the excess chemical by vomiting.

The liver can only process a certain amount of acetaldehyde. If the level of acetaldehyde is higher than the liver can process, the body will react by vomiting to get rid of the excess chemicals. Accordingly, excessive alcohol consumption can be the cause of vomiting after drinking alcohol. 

This high rate of elimination of toxic chemicals can be due to a high level of activity from enzyme systems. 

Drinking alcohol can also cause a person’s stomach to produce more acid than it would typically. This acid buildup can irritate and erode the stomach lining, causing mucosal inflammation known as gastritis. 

I have learnt how alcohol effects the health of an individual 
 


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